Key words: tethered cord, syringomyelia, split cord malformation, neurenteric cyst, dermoid cyst, spinal lipoma, minimally invasive surgery, lumbar fusion, complication, presacral access
Key words: pediatric, spine fusion, pars defect, spondylolysis, lumbar spine
Key words: pedicle screw; electromyography; EMG; lumbar spine; cervicothoracic; pedicle subtraction osteotomy; PSO; cervicothoracic kyphosis; sagittal imbalance; cervical deformity; absence of inferior vena cava; deep vein thrombosis; epidural varices; low-back pain; lumbar disc herniation; vascular disorders
Key words: chondrosarcoma; en bloc resection; pelvectomy; reconstruction; vascularized bone graft; cervical spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma; internal jugular vein thrombosis; epidural venous plexus; thrombolysis; spinal epidural hematoma; central venous catheter; complication; cervical; thoracic
Key words: tethered cord syndrome; lipomyelomeningocele; spine-shortening osteotomy; cervicothoracic junction; computed tomography; manubriotomy; anterior surgical approach; surgical technique; anatomy; craniocervical anatomy; pain syndromes